Annual sunshine hours
1633 hours/yr
As of 1991-2020 · Climate normals 1991-2020 (WMO / national meteorological services, via Wikipedia climate tables)united-kingdom · City evidence profile
London
A transparent profile—not a promise. Low-confidence, estimated and stale values are clearly marked.
Use in my decisionScoring coverage
14/20
current, score-eligible measures
Evidence
Average annual temperature
11.8 °C
As of 1991-2020 · Climate normals 1991-2020 (WMO / national meteorological services, via Wikipedia climate tables)Distance to nearest sea / coastline
40 km
As of 2024 · OpenStreetMap coastline — derived distance to seaAnnual precipitation
690 mm/yr
As of 1991-2020 · Climate normals 1991-2020 (WMO / national meteorological services, via Wikipedia climate tables)Distance to nearest major international airport
23 km
Heathrow (LHR); London City closer at ~11 km.
As of 2024 · OurAirports — airport locationsPublic-transport provision (ordinal proxy)
10 index_0_10
Ordinal: Underground+Overground/rail+DLR/tram+very large. See SEED_NOTES §3d.
As of 2026-08 · Documented public-transport provision ordinal (rapid-transit systems + city size)Air quality — annual mean PM2.5
10.37 ug/m3
World Bank mean annual PM2.5 exposure (country baseline, dated 2017).
As of 2017 · World Bank — PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3) · inherited from united-kingdomHousehold electricity price (band DC, all taxes)
— EUR/kWh
Not in Eurostat nrg_pc_204; seed from Ofgem/DESNZ.
As of 2026-08 · Manual curation (pending) — rent overlay + other manually-seeded values · inherited from united-kingdomIntentional homicide rate
— per_100k
Eurostat holds only sub-national UK homicide; seed a UK aggregate from ONS (~1.0/100k).
As of 2026-08 · Manual curation (pending) — rent overlay + other manually-seeded values · inherited from united-kingdomHealthcare / health outcome (life expectancy at birth)
— years
Not in Eurostat tps00205; seed from ONS (UK ~80.7 yr).
As of 2026-08 · Manual curation (pending) — rent overlay + other manually-seeded values · inherited from united-kingdomOverall tax burden (taxes + social contributions, % of GDP)
— pct_gdp
Not in Eurostat gov_10a_taxag; seed from OECD Revenue Statistics (UK ~35% of GDP).
As of 2026-08 · Manual curation (pending) — rent overlay + other manually-seeded values · inherited from united-kingdomFixed broadband / internet quality
82.9 pct_hh_vhcn
Fixed VHCN household coverage % (isoc_cbt). Availability proxy.
As of 2024 · Eurostat — Broadband internet coverage by technology (isoc_cbt) · inherited from united-kingdomSeismic hazard (ordinal 0 very-low to 4 high)
0 index_0_4
As of 2020 · EFEHR / ESHM20 — European Seismic Hazard Model 2020Distance to nearest mountains (>1500 m)
500 km
As of 2024 · Derived distance to mountains (>1500 m), from public elevation/peak dataEnglish / language accessibility
100 index
Native/official English -> maximal English accessibility (not in Eurostat foreign-language data; proxy inapplicable).
As of 2022 · Eurostat — Number of foreign languages known, self-reported (edat_aes_l21) · inherited from united-kingdomIncome level — GNI per capita, PPP (gross)
64210 intl$_ppp
Gross GNI per capita, PPP; not net take-home salary
As of 2025 · World Bank — GNI per capita, PPP (NY.GNP.PCAP.PP.CD) · inherited from united-kingdomMonthly rent, 1-bedroom, city centre
1925 EUR/mo ±385
Inner London 1-bed median £1,650 ×1.1666 (city-centre proxy). Final/discontinued ONS edition (to Sep 2023) → 2025 ~+20% higher. Greater London 1-bed median £1,400 (→€1,633).
As of 2022-2023 · ONS — Private rental market summary statistics in England (one-bedroom median monthly rent)Comparative price level (household consumption)
128.4 index_eu27=100
As of 2024 · Eurostat — Price level indices, household final consumption (tec00120 / prc_ppp_ind_1) · inherited from united-kingdomNet annual earnings (single, no children)
— EUR/yr
UK not in Eurostat; seed from ONS/OECD net average wage.
As of 2026-08 · Manual curation (pending) — rent overlay + other manually-seeded values · inherited from united-kingdom